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There are three negative points in Modality that are quite rare. Point 215 is defined as: negative form ‘ought not to’ Point 226: CONTRACTED NEGATIVE ‘oughtn’t’ (without ‘to’) + verb Point 235 ‘ought’ + subject + ‘not to’ + verb to form (rhetorical) questions, often in formal contexts. *Point 35 in the category of QUESTIONS […]

Point 202 in MODALITY is defined as: PAST AFFIRMATIVE ‘ought to have’ + ‘-ed’ to refer to desired states of affairs in the past. 1 OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN 2986 2 OUGHT TO HAVE KNOWN 850 3 OUGHT TO HAVE DONE 575 4 OUGHT TO HAVE HAD 230 5 OUGHT TO HAVE SAID 133 6 […]

Point 180 in the category of MODALITY is defined as: ‘ought to’ with ‘really’ to add emphasis. A search on iWeb for clusters with lexical verbs: 1 REALLY OUGHT TO KNOW 254 2 REALLY OUGHT TO GET 136 3 REALLY OUGHT TO GO 76 4 REALLY OUGHT TO CONSIDER 75 Golf Channel Why ‘The […]

Point 192 in the category of MODALITY is defined as: ‘THERE OUGHT TO BE” to talk about desired states of affairs. iWeb search for * * * 1 THERE OUGHT TO BE A WAY TO 66 2 THERE OUGHT TO BE A LAW AGAINST 33 Daily Mail SARAH VINE: Hurrah for Carole Middleton! But […]

Point 145 in the category of MODALITY and ELLIPSIS is defined as: ‘ought to’ without a following verb where the previous main verb is understood. There is an important note in the comments section of the EGP: This is a very low-frequency form in both the learner and native speaker data. A search for collocates […]

Point 91 in Modality is defined as: ‘ought to’ with ‘you’ to give advice. This depends on usage but at the same time we could add our own vocabulary range criteria to ensure it marks higher complexity. As you can see most of the 20 most frequent lexical verbs are A1. iWeb search for You […]

Point 124 in the category of modality is defined as using: the fixed expression ‘I must say’ to give emphasis, usually about something positive. An iWeb search for I must say * * * * 1 I MUST SAY THAT I AM VERY 144 EU-Startups “Computer vision can have a big impact on the fashion […]

Point 123 in the category of modality is defined as: ‘will’ (particularly ‘Will you please’) to make requests and commands in a wide range of contexts. The confusing part of this entry is that there is a lexical range of 3 bars given, but it is not mentioned in the usual way as a wide […]

Using the word ‘dare’ is b2-c2 and rare. The other strange thing is that some of the most common Ngrams (words found together) are C2 and less common seem to be B2 according to Cambridge research. For that reason, the complexity checking ability around this vocabulary item should be taken with caution. One thing is […]

Point 2 in FOCUS at B1 is simply defined as: ‘IT’ + ‘BE’ ADJECTIVE + ‘THAT’ CLAUSE for focus. *That B1 point is elaborated on its own page here. There are three similar points in Modality and adjectives at B2. Point 135 is defined as: ‘it’ + linking verb + adjective + (‘that’) clause as a […]