non-finite – English Grammar Profiler
B2, CLAUSES, comparatives, complex, GSE, non-finite / capacity, concern, efficiently, factor, females, impact, influence, males, more, nuisance, occur, priority, risk, survive, than, threat, to, treat, vitamins, whistles
A simple comparison in English is “She is more important than you.” One way to make comparisons more complex is to increase the number of words between ‘more’ and ‘than.’ This could include nouns or adjectives followed by non-finite clauses such as the following EXPERT EXAMPLE: Today, billions of citizens have more tools, more access to information, more capacity to influence than ever before. TED Pearson’s GSE 66 B2 structure is defined …
MORE * * * THAN (complex comparisions) Read More »
background, C2, CLAUSES, complements, explanation, non-finite, PASSIVES, perfect, PREPOSITIONS, subordinate / appointed, been, convicted, diagnosed, having, II, infected, instructed, nominated, notified, ranked, reared, subjected, tortured, VVN
Point 38 in the category of PASSIVES: non-finite ‘-ing’ perfect forms of the passive as the complement of prepositions. Point 40 in the category of PASSIVES is defined: passive non-finite ‘-ing’ perfect forms in subordinate clauses to give explanatory background information. EXAMPLE: I feel like the luckiest person in the world, having been born at the intersection of great needs and great injustices and great opportunities to change them. TED An iWeb search for: . having been _VVN …
Having been + PAST PARTICIPLE Read More »
A2, CLAUSES, non-finite, purpose, subordinate / ABLE, add, another, around, clear, even, fair, few, find out, goal, idea, if, keep, learn, matters, most, PELIC, return, sign, so, sure, to, top, VVI, worse
Point 32 in the category of CLAUSES: non-finite subordinate clause with ‘to’, to introduce purpose PELIC STUDENT EXAMPLE: To learn English, just follow these steps. Arabic male level 3 writing class. An iWeb search for: . _TO * * * 1 . TO DO THIS , 35825 2 . TO LEARN MORE ABOUT 29344 3 . TO DO SO , 15803 …
TO infinitive (purpose) Read More »
B1, ellipsis, gerund, GSE, NEGATIVE, non-finite / ABLE, accepting, ago, allowing, attending, believing, by, caring, checking, complying, confused, deal, despite, dislike, even, fan, following, hate, if, keeping, letting, like, mention, not, PELIC, possible, posting, providing, reporting, requiring, responding, supporting, sure, surprisingly, trying, VVG, VVN, XX
Let’s look at the most common examples of non-finite or ellipted claused used after ‘not’. Usually, we would say: I am not sure if it is possible. But we can remove the subject and verb to make an ellipted clause: Not sure if it is possible. We can also say: This is a petrol car …
‘Not sure if it is.’ (NOT + non-finite or ellipted clause) Read More »
ADJECTIVES, B1, B2, CLAUSES, comparatives, complex, CONJUNCTIONS, GSE, non-finite, phrases / accurate, booking, building, convenient, efficient, hiring, JJ, JJR, keeping, letting, losing, renting, replacing, spending, than, throwing, trying, VVG, winning, worse
The English Grammar Profile B1 Point 84 in the category of CLAUSES is defined as: ‘than’ + a limited range of non-finite clauses (with -ing), forming the second part of a comparison after a comparative adjective This point partially overlaps PEARSON’S: GSE 62 B2 complex comparisons between verb/noun phrases VERB PHRASE 1/NOUN PHRASE 1 + …
comparative adjective + THAN + verb-ING Read More »
B1, CLAUSES, non-finite, subordinate, time / adding, after, arriving, becoming, before, checking, clicking, completing, deciding, entering, failing, falling, hitting, joining, losing, missing, moving, passing, PELIC, posting, receiving, returning, serving, spending, trying, turning, VVG, winning
Point 61 in the category of CLAUSES is defined as: non-finite subordinate clause with ‘before’ and ‘after’ + ‘-ing’, before or after a main clause, to refer to time. For example: After studying English, I go to my apartment. PELIC STUDENT: Arabic, Male, Level 3 A search in the iWeb corpus for: before|after _VVG 1 AFTER READING 97478 …
before | after + VERBing Read More »
background, C1, CLAUSES, non-finite, PASSIVES / being, chased, equipped, exposed, forced, inspired, placed, trapped, treated, VVN
Point 32 in PASSIVES is defined as: NON-FINITE CLAUSES ‘-ing’ form as a subordinate clause or a noun clause to give explanatory background information. . Being _VVN * * 1 . BEING LOCATED IN THE 77 2 . BEING BORN AND RAISED 70 3 . BEING PREPARED FOR THE 69 4 . BEING STUCK …
Being + PAST PARTICIPLE Read More »
C1, CLAUSES, information, introduce, non-finite, subordinate / breath, disappoint, forward, not, scare, taking away, VVG, waste, wasting, XX
Point 116 CLAUSES/subordinated is defined as: non-finite clause, introduced by ‘not’ + ‘-ing’, to give more information *this is hard to find any examples of online! A search in iWeb for: . Not _VVG * * 1 . NOT TRYING TO BE 557 2 . NOT GOING TO HAPPEN 369 3 . NOT KNOWING WHAT …
not + verbING (subordinate clause) Read More »
C1, CLAUSES, FOCUS, non-finite, subordinate / VVN
Point 107 in CLAUSES/subordinated is defined as: non-finite subordinate clause with an ‘-ed’ form, before a main clause, to give focus This is an overlapping grammar point for C1 point 7 FOCUS. A search in iWeb for . _VVN 1 . GONE ARE THE DAYS 5606 2 . MADE IN THE USA 2975 3 . …
non-finite subordinate clause Read More »
C2, CLAUSES, comparatives, non-finite / anticipating, as, compensate, if, reassure, reinforce, to, VVG, VVI
Point 133 CLAUSES/comparatives is defined as: ‘as if’ + non-finite clause to introduce a second clause as a comparison. In iWeb: as if to _VVI 1 AS IF TO SAY 4770 2 AS IF TO PROVE 568 3 AS IF TO MAKE 484 4 AS IF TO SHOW 282 5 AS IF TO SUGGEST 238 …
as if + NON-FINITE CLAUSE Read More »
C2, CLAUSES, CONJUNCTIONS, contrast, non-finite, subordinate / although, founded, granted, inspired, JJ, related, separated, though, VVN
Point 131 in CLAUSES/subordinated is defined as: non-finite clauses after subordinating conjunctions ‘(although, though)’, to express contrast. *The tagging might make mistakes between VVN and JJ = past participle and adjective for this point. An iWeb search for: though|although _VVN 1 ALTHOUGH BASED 907 2 THOUGH GIVEN 860 3 ALTHOUGH GIVEN 767 4 ALTHOUGH DESIGNED …
although | though + NON-FINITE Read More »
In the English Grammar Profile, C1 point 7 in the category of FOCUS is defined as: non-finite subordinate clause with an ‘-ed’ form, before a main clause, for focus, often in formal, academic or business contexts. Also see Pearson’s 76 GSE C1: add information using appended clauses with ‘being’ and/or passive participles. Given enough time, she‘ll do …
NON-FINITE past participle CLAUSES Read More »
ADJECTIVES, B2, CLAUSES, comparatives, infinitive, non-finite / advertised, burn, convince, create, cure, destroy, expected, fade, fool, JJR, out, planned, predicted, prevent, recommended, reported, than, to, VVI, VVN, weaker
Here are some examples of a wide range of comparative non-finite clauses: The numbers are higher than expected. (using a past participle/adjective) To be kind is more important than to be right. (using TO infinitive) It may now be cheaper to buy than to rent. (using TO infinitive) B2 Point 103 in the category of CLAUSES & comparatives is defined …
‘It is better to give than to receive.’ (comparative non-finite clause) Read More »
B2, CLAUSES, GSE, non-finite, subordinate, VERBS / VVG
Let’s look at a simple example of starting a sentence with a ‘Verb-ing’. Our context is someone explaining how to do something on the computer. “Using a mouse, you can move a word.” This sentence can be rewritten as: You can move a word by using a mouse. The main clause is: you can …
non-finite VERBing clause Read More »
B1, B2, CLAUSES, comparatives, complex, emphasis, non-finite, phrases, PREPOSITIONS / allowing, being, common, creating, exception, focusing, forced, II21, II22, rather, rule, series, than, TLC
Let’s look at how ‘rather than‘ is used to compare. In the English Vocabulary Profile, at B1 the meaning is: ‘instead of ‘ I‘d like coffee rather than tea. I usually wear a swimsuit rather than shorts. In the above examples: coffee, tea, a swimsuit, shorts are nouns or noun phrases, so ‘rather than‘ or ‘instead of‘ are complex prepositions. Here’s a student example …
RATHER THAN + non-finite clause | phrase Read More »
B2, CLAUSES, non-finite, PASSIVES, PAST, subordinate / after, been, being, exposed, forced, given, having, released, shot, spent, told, VVN
Let’s explain some examples of the grammar structure: ‘after being pp‘ and ‘after having pp‘: After being told these stories, I started thinking. (psychic-experiences.com) I moved back to India after having spent six years in the US. (indix.com) We can write ‘after being told…’ in another way with the same …
After + having | being + PAST PARTICIPLE Read More »
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