II22 – English Grammar Profiler

C2, fixed expressions, FOCUS, position / a, all, II22, nowhere, of, out, RR44, sudden

C2 point 13 in the category of FOCUS is  defined as:  more than one fixed expression in the front position for added focus. The English Grammar Profile examples include: But all of a sudden, out of nowhere, All in all, taking everything into account, (*This is not a good example since it is just repeating …

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ADVERBS, CONJUNCTIONS, PREPOSITIONS / CSA, II, II22, II31, II33, RG

1 ‘AS’ is mostly used as a subordinating conjunction. Therefore a clause will follow. (CSA) 3 ‘As’ is used a little less as a preposition. Therefore, a noun phrase will follow. (II) 5 (II22) 6 ‘AS’ is less frequently also used as an adverb of degree. (RG) It is often followed by an adjective or …

How is the word ‘AS’ used in a sentence? Read More »

CONJUNCTIONS, PREPOSITIONS / CS, II, II22

‘Until’ is usually conjunction, but sometimes it functions as a preposition. 1 UNTIL (CS) 2251777 4 UNTIL (II) 358880 6 UNTIL (II22) 73389

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS / from, II, II22, RR41

1 FROM (II) 56595317 3 FROM (II22) 925535 4 FROM (RR41) 192515 5 FROM (RG22) 61816 6 FROM (RT31) 47137

PREPOSITIONS / II21, II22

1 OUT (II21) OF (II22) 6044503 2 SUCH (II21) AS (II22) 5449751 3 ACCORDING (II21) TO (II22) 2869261 4 DUE (II21) TO (II22) 2384806 5 BECAUSE (II21) OF (II22) 2052897 6 UP (II21) TO (II22) 1826998 7 ALONG (II21) WITH (II22) 1692520 8 INSTEAD (II21) OF (II22) 1335372 9 PRIOR (II21) TO (II22) 1110670 10 …

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PREPOSITIONS / II, II22, II31, RP

1 ON (II) 83922557 5 ON (RP) 1711680 6 ON (II22) 1087104 7 ON (II31) 889849 9 ON (RR33) 263242 11 ON (RL21) 161724 12 ON (II21) 108074 13 ON (II41) 75974 14 ON (RT33) 46969 16 ON (RR22) 22598

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS / CS, if, II22, REX21, RR21, RR41

1 FOR (IF) 140146366 2 FOR (REX21) 3179356 4 FOR (II22) 659776 5 (RR21) “for sure“ 8 FOR (CS) 211159 10 FOR (RR41) 157117 12 FOR (II33) 39024 13 FOR (RT41) 37725 14 FOR (RR43) 31200 15 FOR (II31) 27475 18 FOR (RG33) 455

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS / II22, II33, IO, of, RR21

The third most frequent word in the English language is used in a lot of different ways. ‘OF’ is most often a preposition, but it is also used in many complex phrases. 1 OF (IO) 328813259 2 OF (II22) 11680309 3 OF (II33) 4159625 4 OF COURSE (RR21) 5 OF (RR22) 515052 9 OF (II44) …

‘OF’ is the third most common English word. Read More »

A2, B1, B2, C1, complex, formal, PREPOSITIONS / account, addition, ahead, apart, due, except, for, from, II21, II22, II31, II32, II33, in, instead, near, of, on, outside, spite, thanks, to, up

Firstly, complex prepositions are phrases, which means there are two or more words to them. For example: In addition to imitation,  there are a number of other procedures designed to give the therapist some degree of control over the child‘s language production. The Louvain EAP dictionary ‘in addition to’ is used to add new information and introduces the point to which you want to add something new. Prepositional complexity is found at different levels …

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B2, C2, complements, expectation, FUTURE, GSE, infinitive, instruction, MODALITY, obligation, schedule / bound, certain, due, II21, II22, likely, meant, obliged to, sure, to, VB, VVI, will

In the English Grammar Profile (EGP), there are three similar points in the category of Future expressions with ‘BE’ at B2 in the English Grammar Profile. 47  ‘be due to’ and, more formally, ‘be to’ talk about things that are scheduled or expected. 53 OBLIGATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS WITH ‘BE TO’ 56 present form of ‘be’ …

‘BE’ + to infinitive | ‘BE’ + due to infinitive Read More »

B1, B2, CLAUSES, comparatives, complex, emphasis, non-finite, phrases, PREPOSITIONS / allowing, being, common, creating, exception, focusing, forced, II21, II22, rather, rule, series, than, TLC

Let’s look at how ‘rather than‘ is used to compare.  In the English Vocabulary Profile, at B1 the meaning is:  ‘instead of ‘ I‘d like coffee rather than tea. I usually wear a swimsuit rather than shorts. In the above examples: coffee, tea, a swimsuit, shorts are nouns or noun phrases, so ‘rather than‘ or ‘instead of‘ are complex prepositions. Here’s a student example …

RATHER THAN + non-finite clause | phrase Read More »