who – English Grammar Profiler
C2, CLAUSES, phrasal, VERBS / check, CST, figure, going, how, on, out, PELIC, pick, pointed, RP, that, turns, up, VV, what, whatever, when, where, which, who, whose, why, work
At C2 in the English Vocabulary Profile: work out = to understand something or to find the answer to something by thinking about it A search in NOW corpus for which ‘question words’ follow phrasal verbs: work out _*Q 1 WORK OUT HOW 12286 Just give us five minutes, Mr Poirot, and I‘m sure we‘ll be able to work out how you did it. listen 2 WORK OUT WHAT 11671 …
phrasal verb + clause ‘work out how you did it’ Read More »
A2, CLAUSES, complements, complex, defining, NOUNS, phrases, relative, subject / believe, call, care, complete, customers, follow, hate, NN, own, PELIC, plan, PNQS, prefer, receive, received, share, spend, that, the, TLC, try, VV, when, which, who, wish
Here are two student examples of complex noun phrases using relative clauses as complements: In addition, the people who lived in Korea 100 years ago didn’t have enough transportation. PELIC Arabic male level 5 writing class Here are some of the things which I got. TLC speaking test female Kannada B2 A2 point 34 in CLAUSES is defined: a defining relative clause with ‘who‘ as the subject A2 point 20 in …
noun phrase + relative clause Read More »
C2, CLAUSES, cleft, emphasis, PRONOUNS, subject / indicated, it, justifies, N, V, who
Point 116 in PRONOUNS is defined as: a cleft construction beginning with ‘it’ to emphasise the subject of the main clause. FOR EXAMPLE: After all, it’s individuals who are to blame here, right? *Seems like religious contexts use this structure. An iWeb search for: It _V _N who _V 1 IT IS GOD WHO IS 218 2 IT IS GOD WHO …
(SUBJECT) CLEFT CONSTRUCTION WITH ‘it’ Read More »
B1, CLAUSES, non-defining, object, relative / believe, believed, believes, call, called, calls, described, describes, guess, hope, joined, married, turned, turns, who
In the English Grammar Profile, B1 point 75 in CLAUSES is defined as: a non-defining relative clause with ‘who’ as the object. A search in iWeb for: , who _P _VV 1 , WHO HE SAID 968 2 , WHO I THINK 946 3 , WHO I BELIEVE 495 This is a design by Philippe Starck, who I believe is in the audience at this very moment. …
non-defining WHO (object) Read More »
B1, CLAUSES, defining, FOCUS, relative / advice, area, areas, called, companies, company, difference, fact, guy, guys, idea, information, mistake, moment, news, NN, one, only, PELIC, person, point, real, reason, simple, software, story, team, that, the, view, way, who, whole, woman, worst
Here’s an example of using a defining relative clause for focus: The person who sent me was you. Listen to the pronunciation. B1 Point 73 in the category of CLAUSES is defined as: defining relative clauses: ‘the person who/that, the thing that, the (only) one who/that’ as a focusing device. *Some people looking for information about a relative pronoun …
THE + noun + WHO|THAT + clause (focus) Read More »
auxiliary, B1, CLAUSES, interrogatives, QUESTIONS, subject, VERBS / happened, happens, so, that, VV, wants, went, what, who, why, wrong, yourself
In the English Grammar Profile, B1 point 67 in the category of CLAUSES/interrogatives is defined as: questions with a ‘wh-‘ word as subject, without an auxiliary verb. For example: Now, what happens? A search on iWeb for: . Wh* _VV * ? 1 . WHAT WENT WRONG? 511 What went wrong in Paris? Allied 2 . WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? 437 3 . …
‘WH’ question (no auxiliary) Read More »
In the English Grammar Profile, A2 point 16 in the category of PRONOUNS/substitution: ‘the one’ and ‘the’ + pre-modifier + ‘one’ with a complement, to refer to something specific. Point 35 in PRONOUNS/substitution is defined as: substitute for singular countable nouns which have already been mentioned or are obvious from the context. *There are a …
ONE (pronoun) Read More »
B2, CLAUSES, FOCUS, indefinite, PRONOUNS, relative / anyone, one, PELIC, PN1, that, wants, which, who
In the English Grammar Profile, B2 point 79 in the category of PRONOUNS is defined as: indefinite pronouns with a relative clause to form complex noun phrases, to give focus *Note that there does not seem to be any other grammar point in the EGP or EVP that relates to indefinite pronoun + relative pronoun which …
indefinite pronoun + relative clause (focus) Read More »
B2, CLAUSES, continuous, PAST, perfect / attending, been, fighting, had, hanging, hiding, leading, living, operating, that, TLC, VVG, which, who
In the English Grammar Profile, B2 point 78 in the category of PAST is defined as: past perfect continuous in relative clauses to give background information. A search in iWeb corpus for: who|that|which had been _vvg gives us the most common continuous verbs found in past perfect continuous relative clauses: 1 WHO HAD BEEN WORKING …
past perfect continuous (relative clause) Read More »
B2, CLAUSES, PAST, perfect, relative, simple / attended, developed, escaped, existed, experienced, fought, had, led, remained, signed, supported, VVN, who
You can give background information in a past perfect simple relative clause. For example: The people WHO ATTENDED the lecture knew about the test.
The teachers WHO HAD DEVELOPED the test explained what to study the night before.
In the English Grammar Profile, B2 point 102 in the category of CLAUSES that are relative is defined as: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses ending in a preposition, with ‘who/which/that’ as the complement of the preposition. *This point overlaps other categories and is already covered here. Here are the 4 most common prepositions …
relative clause preposition (stranding) Read More »
A2, B1, CLAUSES, defining, object, relative, subordinate / CST, people, PNQS, that, who
At the A2 level, learners can use “that” to refer to things such as a singular group or “team” of people, whereas at B1 “that” can be used to refer to the humans: “people, actors, friends or a girl”. That is what these two points on the English Grammar Profile seem to suggest. The explanations …
THAT | WHO (object) Read More »