WHICH relative subject pronoun – English Grammar Profiler
“Which” is used when the antecedent (the noun that the relative clause is referring to) is a thing or an entire situation. It can be used in both defining and non-defining relative clauses.
Non-defining relative clauses provide additional information about the noun but do not change its basic meaning. They are usually separated by commas in written English. In the following example, the relative pronoun ‘which’ is used in the subject position after a comma:
I visited Paris, which is known for its beautiful architecture.
Defining relative clauses provide essential information about the noun and are necessary for understanding the sentence’s meaning. They are not separated by commas in written English. For example,
The book which lies on the table is mine.
Profiling research:
Here are 3 similar A2 points in the English Grammar Profile:
Point 25 in the category of NOUNS is defined:
post-modify noun phrases by using a non-defining relative clause.
*Both the examples use the the relative pronoun ‘which’ in the subject position after a comma.
Point 23 in the category of CLAUSES is defined:
non-defining relative clause with ‘which’ as the subject
Point 12 is the same but:
defining relative clause with ‘which’ as the subject.
Note that if ‘which’ refers to a whole clause or sentence it is considered B2.
PELIC STUDENT EXAMPLE:
She is coming out from the KITSON which is located in LA and is a department store.
Korean male level 3 writing class.
EXPERT EXAMPLE:
So, we‘re working on understanding those underlying principles
and then building activities which will let music really improve people‘s health.
TED
An iWeb search for:
_N which _VV
Most of these most common examples connect discourse and are therefore indicate B2. ‘Which brings me to the next point”
1 WHICH BRINGS 9614
2 WHICH MEANS 3921
3 WHICH LEADS 2688
“which” is a relative pronoun in the examples provided. It is used to introduce a relative clause that is connected to an antecedent. In these examples, “which” refers back to the situation or fact mentioned in the previous statement and introduces a clause that explains a result, inference, or consequence of that situation. For example:
-
- “Our team has won every match this season, which brings us to the top of the league.”
- “It’s raining outside, which means we’ll have to cancel our picnic.”
- “He didn’t study for the test, which leads to his low score.”
In each of these sentences, “which” is a relative pronoun that introduces a relative clause providing additional information about the preceding statement.
4 WIRE WHICH USES 2424 5 SYSTEM WHICH ALLOWS 2015 6 FEATURE WHICH ALLOWS 1498 7 WHICH MAKES 1493
8 PACKAGE WHICH INCLUDES 1091
9 TOOL WHICH ALLOWS 993
10 FILE WHICH CONTAINS 963
11 PROGRAM WHICH PROVIDES 932 12 FEATURES WHICH MAKE 820 13 SERVICE WHICH ALLOWS 811
14 TECHNOLOGY WHICH ALLOWS 797
Here are AI generated sentences using the corpus data above:
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- “This is a 4 wire system which uses advanced technology to ensure a stable connection.”
- “We’ve developed a system which allows users to easily track their progress.”
- “The app has a feature which allows users to share their achievements with friends.”
- “The bright colors of the painting create a joyful mood, which makes it a great addition to any room.”
- “We offer a comprehensive travel package which includes flights, accommodation, and guided tours.”
- “Our company has designed a tool which allows you to edit videos with ease.”
- “Please find attached the file which contains all the necessary information for the meeting.”
- “We’ve launched a new program which provides additional support for students struggling with math.”
- “The phone has several features which make it user-friendly and efficient.”
- “Our platform is a service which allows users to stream music from various genres.”
- “We’re utilizing cutting-edge technology which allows us to process data at unprecedented speeds.”
15 PROGRAM WHICH ALLOWS 775
16 KIT WHICH INCLUDES 725
17 PROGRAM WHICH INCLUDES 709 18 THINGS WHICH MAKE 682
19 SYSTEM WHICH INCLUDES 661
20 WHICH REMINDS 655 21 WHICH LEAVES 646 22 APP WHICH ALLOWS 642 23 SYSTEM WHICH PROVIDES 626 24 FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE 589 25 WHICH BEGS 582 26 SYSTEM WHICH MAKES 577 27 EVENTS WHICH OCCURRED 574 28 SYSTEM WHICH USES 572 29 DESIGN WHICH ALLOWS 565 30 WORD WHICH MEANS 564 31 SERVICE WHICH PROVIDES 554
32 PLAN WHICH INCLUDES 545
33 SOFTWARE WHICH ALLOWS 545
34 COMPANY WHICH PROVIDES 544
35 SERVICES WHICH INCLUDE 543 36 OPTION WHICH ALLOWS 533
37 AREA WHICH INCLUDES 522
38 VIDEO WHICH SHOWS 520
39 PROCESS WHICH INCLUDES 511
40 CONDITION WHICH CAUSES 501 41 FACTORS WHICH AFFECT 496 42 PATH WHICH LEADS 482 43 MODE WHICH ALLOWS 477 44 EVENTS WHICH LED 468 45 SYSTEM WHICH MEANS 460 46 COMPANY WHICH OWNS 455 47 WHICH RAISES 453 48 DESIGN WHICH MAKES 452 49 PROPERTIES WHICH HELP 450 50 TIME WHICH MEANS 441 51 WHICH GIVES 421 52 PROCESS WHICH INVOLVES 419 53 TEAM WHICH WON 416 54 STUDY WHICH FOUND 408 55 FUNCTION WHICH ALLOWS 407 56 CONDITION WHICH AFFECTS 406 57 PLATFORM WHICH ALLOWS 404 58 EVENTS WHICH TOOK 401 59 APPLICATION WHICH ALLOWS 396 60 WAY WHICH MAKES 395
61 SERVICE WHICH INCLUDES 390
62 FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTE 387 63 ORGANIZATION WHICH PROVIDES 386 64 LAWS WHICH GOVERN 383 65 RANGE WHICH COME 382 66 STUDIES WHICH SHOW 381 67 SYSTEM WHICH ENABLES 372
68 ACTIVITIES WHICH INCLUDE 370
69 INCIDENT WHICH OCCURRED 365 70 EVENT WHICH TAKES 364 71 FESTIVAL WHICH TAKES 363 72 THING WHICH MAKES 361
73 TEAM WHICH INCLUDES 360
74 TIME WHICH MAKES 357
75 FEATURES WHICH INCLUDE 355
76 PRODUCTS WHICH CONTAIN 354
77 FACILITIES WHICH INCLUDE 353
78 FAMILY WHICH INCLUDES 353 79 APPLICATIONS WHICH REQUIRE 348
80 PACK WHICH INCLUDES 348
81 INTERFACE WHICH ALLOWS 347
82 GROUP WHICH INCLUDES 346
83 ROAD WHICH LEADS 346 84 TOOL WHICH HELPS 342
85 FOLDER WHICH CONTAINS 341
86 COMPANY WHICH MAKES 339 87 DEVICE WHICH ALLOWS 339 88 STUDY WHICH SHOWED 338 89 ISSUES WHICH AFFECT 334
90 PRODUCTS WHICH INCLUDE 334
91 FUNCTION WHICH RETURNS 329 92 FEATURE WHICH MAKES 328 93 PROCESS WHICH ALLOWS 327 94 YEAR WHICH MEANS 327 95 PROJECT WHICH AIMS 325 96 SYSTEM WHICH GIVES 323
97 LIST WHICH INCLUDES 322
98 WEBSITE WHICH PROVIDES 320 99 PROGRAM WHICH OFFERS 318
100 PROPERTIES WHICH MAKE 314
A2 vocabulary:
activities, area, brings, company, file, folder, include, includes, kit, list, means,
offers, pack, path, plan, platform, program, project, returns, software, team, video, way, won
With commas:
* _NN , _DDQ _VV
1 STUDY GUIDE , WHICH SIMULATES 1008 2 AFFILIATE LINKS , WHICH MEANS 479 3 THE CORNER , WHICH MEANS 370 4 BETA FACTOR , WHICH MEASURES 361 5 THE INCIDENT , WHICH OCCURRED 323 6 EACH DAY , WHICH REPRESENTS 292 7 THE EVENT , WHICH TAKES 287 8 RELATED CONTRIBUTIONS , WHICH TOTALED 282 9 THE INCIDENT , WHICH HAPPENED 277 10 THIS YEAR , WHICH MEANS 264
11 PER PERSON, WHICH INCLUDES 235
12 THE EVENT, WHICH TOOK 235
13 THE PROJECT, WHICH INCLUDES 234
14 THE WORLD, WHICH MEANS 229 15 THE INCIDENT, WHICH TOOK 228
16 THE GROUP, WHICH INCLUDES 227
17 THE WORLD , WHICH MAKES 202 18 BY DEFAULT , WHICH MEANS 200 19 HIS DEATH , WHICH OCCURRED 193
20 THE COMPANY, WHICH EMPLOYS 193
Mr Dechairo said
the company, which employs 40 people in the UK,
chose the area for its “great” engineers and technicians.
au.lifestyle.yahoo.com
21 SECOND HALF , WHICH ALLOWED 190 22 THE FILM , WHICH STARS 182 23 THE EVENT , WHICH RUNS 170 24 FISCAL YEAR , WHICH ENDS 166 25 THE YEAR , WHICH MEANS 161
26 PER YEAR, WHICH INCLUDES 159
27 THE FESTIVAL, WHICH RUNS 159
28 THE GROUP, WHICH INCLUDED 159
29 THE TRIAL , WHICH BEGAN 156 30 THE BILL , WHICH PASSED 153
31 THE COMPANY, WHICH OPERATES 152
32 THE PROGRAM, WHICH BEGAN 147 33 A YEAR, WHICH MEANS 145 34 THE MARKET, WHICH MEANS 143 35 SUPREME COURT, WHICH RULED 142
36 THE COMPANY, WHICH MAKES 141
37 THE PROJECT , WHICH BEGAN 139
38 THE TEAM, WHICH INCLUDES 138
39 THE CRASH, WHICH OCCURRED 137 40 THE TIME, WHICH MEANS 137
41 THE EVENT, WHICH INCLUDED 136
42 THE STUDY, WHICH APPEARS 136 43 THIS WEEK , WHICH MEANS 131 44 LAST YEAR , WHICH MEANS 126 45 THE BODY , WHICH MEANS 126 46 THE CRASH , WHICH HAPPENED 124 47 THE FESTIVAL , WHICH TAKES 124 48 THE FIRE , WHICH STARTED 124 49 FISCAL YEAR , WHICH ENDED 123 50 YOUR OPINION , WHAT MAKES 122 51 PER GAME , WHICH RANKS 120 52 DOLLAR INDEX , WHICH MEASURES 118 53 A DAY , WHICH MEANS 117
54 LAST YEAR, WHICH INCLUDED 116
55 OF TIME, WHICH MEANS 114 56 FISCAL YEAR, WHICH BEGINS 114 57 EACH YEAR, WHICH MEANS 113 58 THE BODY, WHICH MAKES 113 59 LAST YEAR, WHICH SAW 112 60 THE GAME, WHICH MAKES 112 61 ) PROGRAM, WHICH PROVIDES 110
62 THE STUDY, WHICH INCLUDED 109
63 THE GAME, WHICH MEANS 108 64 THE BODY, WHICH HELPS 107
65 THE PROGRAM, WHICH INCLUDES 107
66 THE EVENT , WHICH FEATURED 105 67 PMBOK- GUIDE , WHICH COVERS 104 68 A TIME , WHICH MEANS 104 69 THE END , WHAT MATTERS 104 70 THE COUNTRY , WHICH MEANS 103 71 BLOOD CELLS , WHICH CARRY 102 72 LAST YEAR , WHICH REPRESENTS 102 73 THE ATTACK , WHICH TOOK 101 74 FATTY ACIDS , WHICH HELP 100 75 OVER TIME , WHICH MEANS 100 76 THE INTERNET , WHICH MEANS 99 77 PER YEAR , WHICH MEANS 98
78 THE REGION, WHICH INCLUDES 98
79 PER MONTH, WHICH INCLUDES 96 80 FULL SWING, WHICH MEANS 95 81 THIRD QUARTER, WHICH ALLOWED 94
82 SIDE EFFECTS, WHICH INCLUDE 93
83 EVERY DAY, WHICH MEANS 92 84 ESTIMATED DEBT, WHICH MEANS 92 85 IN NATURE, WHICH MEANS 90
86 THIS YEAR, WHICH INCLUDES 89
87 THE COMPANY, WHICH OWNS 87 88 THE TIME, WHICH MAKES 87 89 IN PLACE, WHICH MEANS 85 90 ” FEATURE, WHICH ALLOWS 84 91 THE DAY, WHICH MEANS 84
92 THE EVENT, WHICH INCLUDES 84
93 THE COMPANY, WHICH PROVIDES 83 94 NEW YEAR, WHICH MEANS 81
95 THE AREA, WHICH INCLUDES 81
96 THE STUDY, WHICH INVOLVED 81 97 THE STUDY, WHICH SURVEYED 80
98 HIS FAMILY, WHICH INCLUDES 79
99 HER FAMILY, WHICH INCLUDES 78
100 THE SURVEY, WHICH POLLED 78